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Trapped within the corridor of the Southern North Sea: the potential impact of offshore wind farms on seabirds
Stienen, E.W.M.; Van Waeyenberge, J.; Kuijken, E.; Seys, J. (2007). Trapped within the corridor of the Southern North Sea: the potential impact of offshore wind farms on seabirds, in: de Lucas, M. et al. (Ed.) Birds and wind farms: risk assessment and mitigation. pp. 71-80
In: de Lucas, M.; Janss, G.F.E.; Ferrer, M. (Ed.) (2007). Birds and wind farms: Risk assessment and mitigation. Quercus: Madrid. ISBN 978-84-87610-18-9. 275 pp.
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Available in  Authors 
    Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee: Open Marine Archive 129847 [ download pdf ]
Keywords
    Aquatic organisms > Marine organisms > Aquatic birds > Marine birds
    Structures > Hydraulic structures > Offshore structures
    Taxa > Species > Migratory species
    ANE, North Sea, Southern Bight [Marine Regions]
    Marine/Coastal
Authors  Top 
  • Stienen, E.W.M.
  • Van Waeyenberge, J.
  • Kuijken, E.
  • Seys, J.
Abstract
    The cuneiform southernmost part of the North Sea is an important corridor for seabird migration. An estimated total of 1-1.3 million seabirds may fly through the area each year. The great majority (40-100%) of the flyway population of great skua and little gull use the Strait of Dover to leave the North Sea, as well as 30-70% of the population of terns and lesser black-backed gulls. In addition 10-20% of the red-throated divers and great crested grebes may pass through this bottleneck. Except for great skua, all other species are mainly found in inshore areas (i.e. within 20 km of the shoreline), where the first generation of wind farms will be located. At present, very little is known about the impact of offshore wind turbines on seabirds. Being k-selected species, seabirds are extremely vulnerable to human impacts that affect adult survival. Because of this, and because of a major lack of information on nocturnal migration of seabirds and their reaction towards offshore structures like clusters of wind turbines, great care must be taken. New developments that might have a detrimental impact on resident as well as migrating seabirds must be carefully investigated, especially in this bottleneck area.
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